Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that has a wide range of applications across various industries. It is produced by the polymerization of vinyl acetate, followed by the hydrolysis or saponification of the resulting polymer, which transforms polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) into PVA. This polymer is known for its unique properties, such as water solubility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, which make it an important material in both industrial and consumer applications.Polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble polymer, meaning it can dissolve in water under specific conditions. Its chemical structure consists of a chain of carbon atoms bonded with alternating single and double bonds of carbon and oxygen, creating repeating units of –CH2CH(OH)–. This structure gives PVA its distinct hydrophilic character. The degree of hydrolysis, which refers to the extent to which the polymer has been converted from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to polyvinyl alcohol, plays a significant role in its solubility. When PVA is fully hydrolyzed, it exhibits high solubility in water, whereas partially hydrolyzed versions are less soluble. alcohol polivinílico

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